描述
隱性遺傳病帶病者基因檢測
隱性遺傳病帶病者基因檢測為客戶提供有關患者未來兒童患隱性遺傳疾病風險的信息。隱性遺傳病帶病者基因檢測在美國加洲經 CAP, CLIA 証驗，超過十年經處的基因實驗室進行，利用新一代檢測技術 (Next Generation Sequencing) ，為有需要人仕作一項全面的「孕前篩查」。它遵循美國婦產科學院「ACOG」及美國醫學遺傳學院 (ACMG)的建議，篩查患者能夠檢查到超過170多種隱性遺傳疾病項目。此項檢測可了解自己是否有更大風險將遺傳性疾病傳給子女或未來兒童的人仕，或某些族群、遺傳疾病家族史中的人仕也可受益於此測試。通過隱性遺傳病帶病者基因檢測，父母可以了解將隱性遺傳疾病傳播給其子女的風險。如果父母雙方均進行測試，便可以進行更全面的評估。
常見的隱性遺傳病一覽
脆性X綜合徵
帶病率：女性1：151（一般人口）
脆性X綜合徵是導致一系列發育問題的遺傳病症，包括學習障礙和認知障礙。通常情況下，男性受到這種疾病的影響比女性更嚴重。如果引起疾病的突變基因位於X染色體上，這個情況便被形容為X連結的。由於男性只有一條X染色體，每個細胞中基因的X染色體(唯一拷貝)突變便會導致發病。
受影響的個體通常在2歲以前延遲發言和言語。大多數具有脆弱X綜合徵的男性具有輕度至中度的智力障礙，而大約三分之一的受影響的女性在智力上是有障礙的。脆弱X綜合症兒童也可能有焦慮和過度活躍，如躁動或衝動等。他們可能會出現注意力缺陷障礙（ADD），其中包括對注意力集中和特定任務困難的能力受損。約有三分之一的脆弱X綜合徵患者俱有自閉症譜系障礙的特徵，影響著溝通和社會互動。
脊髓性肌萎縮（SMA）
帶病率 1:54- 72
脊髓性肌萎縮（SMA）是導致漸進性肌肉無力和癱瘓的遺傳性疾病。病發率為1/10,000，男女皆受影響。
SMA有三種類型。最嚴重的類型通常在出生的頭幾個月內診斷。受影響的兒童患有嚴重的肌肉無力，通常在2歲以前無法生存。
另外兩種不同的SMA類型肌肉無力程度較小。大多數患者需要使用輪椅或走路輔助器。不太嚴重的人群的預期壽命從青少年到成年。
Pendred綜合徵
帶病率：1:50（中國人）
這是一種通常與聽力損失相關的疾病和稱為甲狀腺腫的甲狀腺疾病。如果一名甲狀腺腫發展成為Pendred綜合徵患者，則通常會在兒童期和成年早期之間形成。在大多數Pendred綜合徵患者中，在出生時便有明顯目內耳變化引起的嚴重聽力損失（感覺神經性聽力損失）
苯丙酮尿症（俗稱PKU）
帶病率：1:53（中國人）
苯丙酮尿症是一種遺傳性疾病，可以增加血液中稱為苯丙氨酸的物質的含量。苯丙酮尿症的症狀不同可從輕度到嚴重。這種疾病的最嚴重形式被稱為典型的PKU。具有典型PKU的嬰兒在幾個月大時不易察覺。若果沒有治療的話，這些孩子會發展成為永久智障。癲癇發作，發育延遲，行為問題和精神疾病也很常見。
史密斯 – 萊姆 – 奧皮茲綜合徵
帶病率：1：68（一般人口）
史密斯 – 萊姆 – 奧皮茲綜合徵是影響身體許多部位的發育障礙。這種情況的特點是面部特徵異常，頭部變小（小頭症），智力障礙或學習問題以及行為問題。許多受影響的兒童具有自閉症的特徵，影響孩子溝通和社會互動的能力。。Smith-Lemli-Opitz綜合徵的體徵和症狀差別很大。輕度受影響的個人可能只有輕微的身體異常與學習和行為問題。嚴重的病例可能危及生命，涉及深度的智障和重大身體異常。
威爾遜氏病
帶病率：1：90（亞洲）
威爾遜氏病是一種遺傳性疾病，由於會影響排銅異常，過多的銅會積聚在體內，特別是在肝，腦和眼的位置。威爾遜氏病的症狀通常與腦和肝有關。肝臟相關症狀包括嘔吐，虛弱，腹部液體積累，腿部腫脹，皮膚黃色和瘙癢。腦相關症狀包括震顫，肌肉僵硬，說話麻煩，人格變化，焦慮，以及看到或聽到其他人沒有的東西。大多數人會在5歲至35歲期間發病或被診斷，但也有機會影響年輕人和老年人。
β-貧血症
帶病率：1：100（中國人）
地中海貧血症包括各種遺傳性血液疾病，其中一些是相對溫和的，另一些可能導致嚴重的貧血症和其他嚴重問題。地中海貧血症的體徵和症狀主要出現在2歲前。兒童會發展至危及生命的貧血。孩子體重會減慢或甚至不會增加，或不能以預期的速度增長（未能發育），並可能會導致眼睛皮膚變黃（黃疸）。
Recessive Disease Carrier Status Full gene screening (>173 diseases)
| SCAD Deficiency 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase X deficiency 2-methylbutyryl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency 3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase 1 deficiency (MCC1D) 3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase 2 deficiency (MCC2D) 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type I (MCGA1) 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, type III 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, type V Adrenoleukodystrophy Hb EE |
Hb Barts Hb C disease (Hb CC) Hb C/ Beta0 thalassemia Hb C/Beta+ thalassemia Hb D disease (Hb DD) Hb D/ Beta0 thalassemia Hb D/Beta+ thalassemia Hb E/ Beta0 thalassemia Hb E/Beta+ thalassemia |
| Alpha-methylacetoacetic aciduria (3-ketothialase deficiency) Argininemia (Arginase Deficiency) Arginosuccinic Aciduria Ault-onset citrullinemia Type II Autosomal dominant deafness Type 3A Autosomal dominant deafness Type IIB Autosomal dominant deafness Type IIIB Autosomal dominant persistent hypermethioninemia due to methionine adenosyltransferase I/III deficiency Autosomal recessive deafness Autosomal recessive deafness Type 1A |
Hb H (3 gene deletion) Hb H/Constant Spring disease Hb S/ Beta0 thalassemia Hb S/Beta + thalassemia Hb Variant/ Beta0 thalassemia Hb Variant/Beta+ thalassemia Hb variants, Alpha thalassemia Hemolytic anemia due to G6PD deficiency |
| Autosomal recessive deafness Type IB Autosomal recessive deafness type IV Autosomal recessive Methionine adenosyltransferase deficiency Barth Syndrome Bart-Pumphrey Syndrome Beta thalassemia major BH4-deficient Hyperphenylalaninemia A BH4-deficient Hyperphenylalaninemia B BH4-deficient Hyperphenylalaninemia C BH4-deficient Hyperphenylalaninemia D |
Hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin Hex A pseudodeficiency HMG-CoA Lyase Deficiency Holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency Homocystinuria due to MTHFR deficiency Homocystinuria, B6-responsive and nonresponsive types Hyperhomocysteinemic thrombosis Hypermethioninemia with deficiency of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase Hystrix-like ichthyosis with deafness Isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency |
| Biotinidase deficiency Bloom Syndrome Canavan disease Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase (CACT) deficiency cbl E complementation type homocystinuria-megaloblastic anemia cbl G complementation type homocystinuria-megaloblastic anemia cblB complement type Vitamin B-12 responsive methylmalonic aciduria (due to defect in synthesis of adenosylcobalamin) cblD complement type homocystinuria (Variant 1) cblD complement type homocystinuria (Variant 2) cblD complement type Methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria |
Isovaleric acidemia Keratitis ichthyosis deafness syndrome Krabbe disease LCHAD deficiency Lethal neonatal CPT2 deficiency Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency Maple syrup urine disease type II Maple syrup urine disease, type Ia Maple syrup urine disease, type Ib MCAD Deficiency |
| cblJ Type Methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria Citrullinemia Clouston type ectodermal dysplasia Type II Cogenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CVAD) Combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency Congenital hypothyroidism due to thyroid dysgenesis or hypoplasia Congenital nongoitrous hypothyroidism 1 Congenital nongoitrous hypothyroidism 4 Congenital nongoitrous hypothyroidism 6 |
Mental retardation X-linked syndromic 10 (MRXS10) Methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria, cblC type Methylmalonic aciduria due to Methylmalonyl-CoA Mutase deficiency Methylmalonic aciduria due to transcobalamin receptor defect Methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase deficiency Mucolipidosis IV Mucopolysaccharidosis Ih Mucopolysaccharidosis Ih/s Mucopolysaccharidosis Is Neonatal hypertrypsinemia |
| CPT2 deficiency associated myopathy Cystic Fibrosis Digenic deafness GJB2/GJB3 Digenic GJB2/GJB6 deafness Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase deficiency DOPA-responsive dystonia (with or without hyperphenylalaninemia) Erythrokeratodermia variabilis et progressiva Fabry disease Familial dilated cardiomyopathy Familial dysautonomia |
Neonatal onset citrullinemia Type II Niemann-Pick disease, type A Niemann-Pick disease, type B Niemann-Pick disease, type C1 Niemann-pick disease, type C2 Niemann-Pick disease, type D Nonautoimmune hyperthyroidism Non-classic hyperandrogenism due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency Non-PKU hyperphenylalanemia Optic atrophy 3 with cataract |
| Familial gestational hyperthyroidism Familial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia type 4 Favism Galactokinase deficiency with cataracts Galactose epimerase deficiency Galactosemia Gaucher disease Type I Gaucher disease Type II Gaucher disease Type III Gaucher disease Type IIIC |
Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency Palmoplantar keratoderma with deafness Partial adenosine deaminase deficiency Pendred syndrome Perinatal lethal Gaucher disease Phenylketonuria Propionicacidemia Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to adenosine deaminase deficiency (ADAD) Sickle cell anemia (S/S) Sickle cell disease variants |
| Glutaric acidemia IIA Glutaric acidemia IIB Glutaric acidemia IIC Glutaric aciduria Type I Glycine N-methyltransferase deficiency Glycogen storage disease Ia Glycogen storage disease II GM2-gangliosidosis Hawkinsinuria |
Sickle hemoglobin C disease Sickle hemoglobin D disease Sickle hemoglobin E disease Susceptibility to acute-infection induced encephalopathy Susceptibility to autoimmune thyroid disease Type III Systemic primary carnitine deficiency Tay-Sachs disease Thryoid dyshormonogenesis 6 Thyroid dyshormonogenesis 1 |
| Fragile X Syndrome spinal muscular atrophy Vitamin B-12 responsive methylmalonic aciduria VLCAD deficiency Vohwinkel syndrome X-linked mental retardation with methylmalonic acidemia and homocysteinemia X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) |
Thyroid dyshormonogenesis 2A Thyroid dyshormonogenesis 3 Thyroid hormone resistance Transcobalamin II deficiency Trifunctional protein deficiency Tyrosinemia, type I Tyrosinemia, type II Tyrosinemia, type III |
